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Rafter ties?
Collar ties, shown above, are installed to resist the separation of the rafters from the ridge beam under a. This U-shaped hurricane tie provides faster installation than using 2 single-sided ties. Collar ties are perpendicular to the rafters around 1/3 down from the roof peak. Rafter Condition; Truss Condition; H2. Dec 8, 2014 · Click on this link for more information about roof framing. With no ties provided across the structure, the rafter thrust from the roof assembly can displace the supporting walls that the roof system. The H1. Algunos conectores se instalan con el Simpson Strong-Tie Strong-Drive 1/4" SDS HEAVY-DUTY CONNECTOR screw. 8-in 18-Gauge Stainless Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood. Outdoor Accents angles tie together beams, rafters and more. The symmetrical design eliminates the need for separate right and left parts. 5A,Hurricane Straps Trusses,Galvanized Hurricane Tie 12ct(12pcs) The ceiling joist (tension tie) at the rafter low end resists the thrust generated as those ends tend to shift outward and push the supporting wall. After positioning all of the lean to shed roof rafters in place, secure the rafters to the top plate with hurricane or rafter ties. "Collar ties" are an exercise in futility. It is constructed of 18-gauge steel with a triple zinc finish. Simpson Strong-Tie has evaluated the LSSR hanger series when installed with 0. These ties help keep the roof structure anchored to the walls, preventing uplift and displacement. With no ties provided across the structure, the rafter thrust from the roof assembly can displace the supporting walls that the roof system. The H1. These rafter ties running perpendicular above the joists need to be a maximum of 48" on center apart, which would be every other rafter on a 24" o spacing or every three rafters on a 16" on center spacing. Attaches the bottom chord of a truss or rafter at pitches from … Rafters are loading bearing structural members that are used in roof construction. The U-shaped design provides faster installation than using two single-sided ties. Made from 18-gauge steel. Only 5 left in stock - order soon. High-Velocity Rafter Clips Ironwood are so useful they fit. As part of a roof, joists provide horizontal support for ceiling drywall and tie rafters together. Rafter ties resist the forces caused by gravity loads that would otherwise cause the roof to pancake and push out the sidewalls. Attaches the bottom chord of a truss or rafter at pitches from 0:12 to 4:12 to double 2 x 4 top plates. 25 inches wide with 3/4-inch wide flanges. 3 the ridge is required to be not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter unless the ridge is designed as a beam. 1. The hurricane tie series features various configurations of wind and seismic ties for trusses and rafters. The U-shaped design provides faster installation than using two single-sided ties. Rafter: One of a series of diagonal members of the truss that meet at the apex in order to support the roof deck and its loads. The first seven nail holes on each side of the bend must be filled with 0. Rafter ties shall be not less than 2 inches by 4 inches (51 mm by 102 mm) (nominal), installed in accordance with the connection requirements in Table R8021(9), or connections of equivalent capacities shall be provided. Rafter ties are required by code, unless the house is designed so that the walls or a structural ridge beam carries the full load of the roof. 2) Hip roof with hip opposite the house side. They are generally required every 4 ft. Resources MiTek Product Catalog. 5A resists … Simpson Strong-Tie hurricane ties are designed to resist high winds and seismic forces by positively connecting trusses/rafters to the top of wall of the structure. A value-added solution for high-wind applications, it is designed to resist uplift and lateral loads. Oct 9, 2023 · Collar ties are tension ties in the upper third of opposing gable rafters used to resist rafter separation from the ridge beam when the roof is under unbalanced loads, such as wind uplift or snow. You can also view product information related to the category: Roof Truss and Rafter Connectors, Ties, and Straps for Cold-Formed Steel Construction Hurricane Tie. This video is part of a series on house framing parts and will provide you with more information about what a roof rafter tie does. They prevent the roof from flattening, and they're pretty much usually required unless the structure is engineered so the outward thrust is taken into account some other way RR Ridge Rafter Connector Ridge Rafter Connector. OZCO Ornamental Wood Ties (OWT) 4 in. 18 Gauge Galvanized Steel. The length of the sistered rafter should extend at least 3' past the problem area on the existing rafter, on both sides. It can adjust to any roof pitch. For years, United and Amtrak offered a lucrative partnership for those in the Northeast. We explain how to cut railroad ties. One of its key features is that it Straps & Ties A35 - Framing Angle/Plate Installation. Ties that cradle the rafter against the wall plate and can be attached with structural screws or galvanized nails. MSRP: $ 40 OZCO's 2 in. Tim Carter talks about rafters, rafter ties, and collar ties. The roof pitch is pretty low. This framing option is usually best for dormers up to 6 ft. , which means that you need a rafter tie only for every other pair of 24-in c. By capturing all three framing members, the H2A eliminates the need for a separate top-plate-to-stud connection. This video is part of a series on house framing parts and will provide you with more information about what a roof rafter tie does. Shop straps & ties and a variety of hardware products online at Lowes This article series describes and illustrates the different types of support that prevents roof sagging and wall bulging at buildings, including definitions of collar ties, rafter ties, and structural ridge beams. When they … H10A U-shaped hurricane ties hold the rafter or truss on both sides and feature embossments that add stiffness, and optional fastener holes to connect roof blocking to … Simpson Strong-Tie offers a variety of connectors for cold-formed steel construction. This framing option is usually best for dormers up to 6 ft. R8022 Wood rafter ties shall be not less than 2 inches by 4 inches (51 mm × 102 mm) installed in accordance with Table R8022 (1) at a maximum of 24 inches (610 mm) on center. It is designed to help resist uplift forces. Algunos conectores se instalan con el Simpson Strong-Tie Strong-Drive 1/4" SDS HEAVY-DUTY CONNECTOR screw. High-Velocity Rafter Clips Ironwood are so useful they fit. So you want to know how to cut railroad ties, include the. Rafter ties resist the forces caused by gravity loads that would otherwise cause the roof to pancake and push out the sidewalls.
Seismic and hurricane ties are metal connectors with various configurations. The shed-roof rafters are fastened to the other side of the header. Rafter ties are required by code, unless the house is designed so that the walls or a structural ridge beam carries the full load of the roof. H3Z S/H2 Hurricane Ties provide a positive connection between the truss/rafter and the wall of the structure to resist wind and seismic forces. By ensuring that you have these tools and materials at your disposal, you'll be well-prepared to commence the rafter construction process with confidence and precision. The APA angle makes structural connections between beams and posts much more visually appealing. Made from 18-gauge steel. By capturing all three framing members, the H2A eliminates the need for a separate top-plate-to-stud connection. Blogs. Suspended from the rafter ties above the island, the soffit also provides a surface to mount unique LED task lighting in this otherwise high-ceilinged space. They are generally required every 4 ft. These ties connect both solid-sawn and engineered lumber across a wide range of applications. 5A resists both lateral and uplift loads. Some hurricane tie models are available with. Store SKU # 1005525297 18-Gauge Galvanized Saddle Rafter Tie. As long as the slope is above 3:12 and there are ceiling joists or rafter ties to resist the thrust at the bottom of the rafters, the opposing jack rafters on either side of the hip beam create a truss action that holds the hip beam upwards. So roughly 7 - 8" long for a 2×4. fatbooties A shed roof is similar; as long as it's properly attached at the top, the bottom can't move. That said, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists does not recom. OZCO™ Ornamental Wood Ties (OWT) Ironwood Rafter Clips are manufactured with pre-galvanized steel and finished with a black powder coating, offering superior corrosion resistance and ultimate strength. A classic choice for securing your rafters is toenailing involves connecting the rafter to the top plate using nails driven into the beam and the wall cap. We Stock Simpson Strong Tie Clip Models H2, H2. With a properly engineered structural ridge, rafter ties can be eliminated completely4. 148" x 1 1/2" minimum nails. For the better part of the last 70 years, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has been wooing Africa. Collar ties are not required by the 2018 International Residential Code. Another tip to put in mind is that the rafter ties needs to be installed on the lowest possible part of the roof framing. Find Rafter tie straps & ties at Lowe's today. Where ceiling joist or rafter ties do not provide continuous ties across the structure, a ridge beam shall be provided and supported on each end by a wall or girder. A35 Studs to Plate Condition; A35 Joist to Beam Condition; CS/CMST14 - Coiled Strap Installation; CSHP - High-Performance Coiled Strap Installation; H1A - Hurricane Tie Installation. View the current offers here. josephine jackson bbc The HPT is specially designed and tested for single-wall homes and meets Hawaii state requirements for uplift resistance. 40/Count) FREE delivery Wed, Nov 15. With no ties provided across the structure, the rafter thrust from the roof assembly can displace the supporting walls that the roof system. The H1. Grade 316 Stainless Steel Hurricane Clips or Sometimes Called Rafter Hurricane Ties are Used in Roof & Decking Construction. 148" x 1 1/2" minimum nails. Learn how to install rafter ties easily with this step-by-step guide. Where ceiling joists or rafter ties are. 3 the ridge is required to be not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter unless the ridge is designed as a beam. 1. Dec 8, 2014 · Click on this link for more information about roof framing. Apply for a Home Depot Consumer Card. Horizontal collar ties join two opposing roof rafters towards the apex of a gable roof. You'll get the number of rafters needed for your roof. Double-shear nailing allows for higher lateral resistance in applications when bottom. Traditionally, these ties have been treated with creosote, a substance known for its durability and. All products in the OWT line are designed for use with all. care cred 5A resists both lateral and uplift loads. It has no rafter ties at all. Vaulted ceiling framing must be able to resist the downward and outward thrust of the roof's weight load. A rafter tie is a horizontal framing member that extends across the roof span to resist the outward thrust at the bottom of the rafters and effectively “tie” the rafters into their proper triangular shape. While collar ties are located in the upper one-third area of the attic, rafter ties are located in the lower one-third area of the attic space. Most jobs go to adults, but who better to test toys and games than the kids who love them? Learn more about toy testers at HowStuffWorks. CA Residents: Prop 65 Warning (s) Prop65 Warning Label PDF. Dec 8, 2014 · Click on this link for more information about roof framing. Dec 8, 2014 · Click on this link for more information about roof framing. Use with rafter slopes up to 30°. The wood roof ties calculator is capable of designing the ties and rafter for a gable roof having any combination of collar ties, rafter ties, or ridge straps. OWT rafter clips are ready to be seen and used on a variety of different projects from arbor elements to fencing, rafters to railing. Rafter Clips Ironwood are manufactured with pre-galvanized steel and finished with a black powder coating offering superior corrosion resistance and ultimate strength. Materials: See Load Table. Rafter ties resist the forces caused by gravity loads that would otherwise cause the roof to pancake and push out the sidewalls. About Splicing Wood Joist length is 64" total with the non-rotted end bearing into a concrete block wall and nail clinched to a steel tie into the wall.
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We designed a large floating soffit to anchor the kitchen without walls. 148" x 1 1/2" (N10) nails in both face and joist locations A 12-page guide that lists popular Simpson Strong-Tie hanger options for use with engineered wood products manufactured by ALLJOIST Garaook Hurricane Ties for Rafter 50 Pack, 16-Gauge Hurricane Straps, Hot Dip Galvanized Rafter Ties Brackets, Joist Hangers Recommendations Mordx Pack of 12 Strong tie Brackets H2. Kit Includes: (10) 2-inch Rafter Clips; 20 OWT-Lock #12 by 1-1/4 Hex HD Sharp Point (1/4-inch Hex). The field-adjustable seat helps improve job efficiency by eliminating mismatched angles in the field and lead times associated with special orders. The calculator will turn off by itself if you wait long enough, but ther. Rafter ties are required by code, unless the house is designed so that the walls or a structural ridge beam carries the full load of the roof. Model # LSSR28Z Store SKU # 1001683487. Learn how to install rafter ties easily with this step-by-step guide. Again, collar ties may be required, depending on the particulars. CA Residents: Prop 65 Warning (s) Prop65 Warning Label PDF. Double-shear nailing allows for higher lateral resistance. Using these connectors as a truss tiedown method ensures load-rated connections that are especially ideal for projects that require resistance to wind and seismic forces. umr dental providers These essential metal connections provide strength, versatility and reliability in various applications for both wood and steel Rafter ties and tie beams can help with that! Use a rafter tie to join opposing rafters together. 5A resists both lateral and uplift loads. As part of a continuous load path, the H2. Traditionally, these ties have been treated with creosote, a substance known for its durability and. High Velocity Rafter Clip - Laredo Sunset (22) Questions & Answers (5) Hover Image to Zoom Pay $9. Rafter ties are required by code, unless the house is designed so that the walls or a structural ridge beam carries the full load of the roof. This is a special purpose galvanized rafter hanger for 2 x 6, 2 x 8, or 2 x10 rafters. Shop straps & ties and a variety of hardware products online at Lowes This article series describes and illustrates the different types of support that prevents roof sagging and wall bulging at buildings, including definitions of collar ties, rafter ties, and structural ridge beams. As a final admonition, make sure that any framing detail — such as the rafter. Model # H2. 8-in 18-Gauge Stainless Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood. Where ceiling joists or rafter ties are not provided, the ridge formed by these rafters shall be supported by a wall or. Install with 10d x 1-1/2 in. Add selected to cart. Where ceiling joists or rafter ties are not provided, the ridge formed by these rafters shall be supported by a wall or. For example, very long rafters in a relatively steeply pitched roof (slopes above 6/12, for instance) may benefit from a stabilizing effect if adequately connected collar ties are installed on every rafter pair. 5A,Hurricane Straps Trusses,Galvanized Hurricane Tie 12ct(12pcs) The ceiling joist (tension tie) at the rafter low end resists the thrust generated as those ends tend to shift outward and push the supporting wall. Algunos conectores se instalan con el Simpson Strong-Tie Strong-Drive 1/4" SDS HEAVY-DUTY CONNECTOR screw. This video is part of a series on house framing parts and will provide you with more information about what a roof rafter … The rafter tie from Simpson Strong-Tie is ideal for connecting a roof rafter or truss to the top of the wall as well as other vertically-offset 90° c. Discover the benefits and challenges of this essential component of roof framing. Align the rafters so that they are flush with the ends of the ridge beam. The H11Z holds a rafter or truss on both sides for high lateral load resistance. The first span table is for roofs where the ceiling is not attached to the rafters (with no snow load), a live load of 20 Psf, a dead load of 20 Psf, and a deflection limit of L/180. 8-in 18-Gauge Stainless Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood. Simpson Strong-Tie hurricane ties are designed to resist high winds and seismic forces by positively connecting trusses/rafters to the top of wall of the structure. good night kiss gif Shop straps & ties and a variety of hardware products online at Lowes This article series describes and illustrates the different types of support that prevents roof sagging and wall bulging at buildings, including definitions of collar ties, rafter ties, and structural ridge beams. The HPT is specially designed and tested for single-wall homes and meets Hawaii state requirements for uplift resistance. Secure the rafters to the ridge beam using bolts or screws. Find out the tools and materials needed, the steps involved, and the tips for safety and accuracy. Conventionally framed roofs have rafter ties installed (typically ceiling joists) that connect the bottoms of opposing rafters together. 4 22 6-in 18-Gauge Galvanized Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood 5-2/7-in 18-Gauge Zmax Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood 5-in 18-Gauge Galvanized Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood. Install Collar Ties: Install the collar ties at the calculated spacing and position, ensuring secure connections to the rafters.
Seismic and hurricane ties are metal connectors with various configurations. When the best time to exercise for these benefits is often a. The rafter ties help keep walls from spreading apart and act as a tension member to resist gravity pushing out from the weight of the roof. Attach Shed Roof Rafters to Walls with Rafter Ties. Dec 8, 2014 · Click on this link for more information about roof framing. nezuko x fem reader The RR may be used with rafters sloped up to 30° With no restraint at the top, the ladder will roll away from the building. Instalar con un destornillador de casquillo hexagonal o de tuercas de 3/8". 81Z Hurricane Tie is designed for use with 45mm structural timber framing to provide a stronger connection between the top plate of the wall and rafter. These angles make connections stronger and provide consistent, straight corners for a variety of outdoor projects. Watch this video to see how to frame up an addition for your home, from floor joists to walls to rafters. Resources MiTek Product Catalog. Learn the code requirements, the alternatives and the benefits of these framing elements in this article from Fine Homebuilding. higher (still within the lower 1/3 of the attic space). , as seen here: So the hanger is clearly stronger than the clip. About Splicing Wood Joist length is 64" total with the non-rotted end bearing into a concrete block wall and nail clinched to a steel tie into the wall. Rafter ties resist the forces caused by gravity loads that would otherwise cause the roof to pancake and push out the sidewalls. Shop straps & ties and a variety of hardware products online at Lowes This article series describes and illustrates the different types of support that prevents roof sagging and wall bulging at buildings, including definitions of collar ties, rafter ties, and structural ridge beams. At its annual Geeked Week event, Netflix announced a slew of new titles coming to its gaming service this year. A lack of rafter ties is a serious structural issue in a conventionally framed roof. Rafter ties connect rafters at the ceiling line, preventing the walls from spreading outward and providing uplift resistance: They should be continuous boards attached to rafters with nails or framing anchors. Collar ties are tension ties in the upper third of opposing gable rafters used to resist rafter separation from the ridge beam when the roof is under unbalanced loads, such as wind uplift or snow. Aesthetically, exposed rafter tails created a pleasing and unfussy character, highlighting the beauty, rhythm, and order inherent in the building's structural form itself. Live and snow loads vary from 10 to 70psf with dead loads of 10 and 20psf and deflections of L/∆=180 and L/∆=240. As part of a continuous load path, the H2. Our attached garage will be converted to bedroom/bathroom. Oct 9, 2023 · Collar ties are tension ties in the upper third of opposing gable rafters used to resist rafter separation from the ridge beam when the roof is under unbalanced loads, such as wind uplift or snow. They support the roof and keep the rafters from spreading apart.
Connectors that attach to the front of the top plate and the side of the rafter, offering multiple options for a strong and durable joint connection. , as seen here: So the hanger is clearly stronger than the clip. Rafter ties shall be not less than 2 inches by 4 inches (51 mm by 102 mm) (nominal), installed in accordance with the connection requirements in Table R8021(9), or connections of equivalent capacities shall be provided. The current rafters are 2x6 24" o The ceiling is comprised of 2x4s 24" o I would like to remove the 2x4s and add 2x6 about 4 ft. We may be compensated when you click on product lin. › See more product details Ties trusses and rafters to top plates. RT/S are to resist uplift and lateral forces between framing members. fundamentals of genetics answer key Find Rafter tie straps & ties at Lowe's today. Rafter ties are required by code, unless the house is designed so that the walls or a structural ridge beam carries the full load of the roof. The rafter ties are fastened to the rafters using GRK structural screws pursuant to the ICC nailing schedule for this spacing and ground snow load. This video is part of a series on house framing parts and will provide you with more information about what a roof rafter tie does. craigslist montana for sale Where ceiling joists or rafter ties are. High-Velocity Rafter Clips Ironwood are so useful they fit nearly every project and every plan, with our 10 pack you are sure. Strong-Drive SD screws. That said, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists does not recom. I recently read a thread, however, which suggests that rafter ties placed 48" OC may not be sufficient. The symmetrical design eliminates the need for separate right and left parts. This is often used to reduce the rafter span. Use with rafter slopes up to 30-degrees rafter size: 2x6. brevard county traffic alerts Not exactly sure what you mean regarding the bending moments in the members. Rafter ties shall be not less than 2 inches by 4 inches (51 mm by 102 mm) (nominal), installed in accordance with the connection requirements in Table R8021(9), or connections of equivalent capacities shall be provided. Finally, an important connection that we have not discussed yet is the collar tie or ridge strap that is installed at the top ends of the rafters. A rafter tie is a horizontal framing member that extends across the roof span to resist the outward thrust at the bottom of the rafters and effectively “tie” the rafters into their proper triangular shape. They make buildings more resistant to the effects of high winds, especially in areas prone to natural disasters. Where ceiling joists or rafter ties are not provided, the ridge formed by these rafters shall be supported by a wall or. Rafter Ties. 1 REQUIRED RATING OF APPROVED UPLIFT CONNECTORS (pounds)a,b,c,e,f,g,h b.
Algunos conectores se instalan con el Simpson Strong-Tie Strong-Drive 1/4" SDS HEAVY-DUTY CONNECTOR screw. The seamless integration of these components will lay the. About This Product5A single-sided hurricane tie is designed to resist moderate loads at the rafter/truss-to-top-plate connection. Both rafters and trusses can form the Expert Advice On Improving Your. The Hurricane Tie series features various configurations of wind and seismic ties for trusses and rafters. Collar ties are not required by the 2018 International Residential Code. Products designed and tested for strength and easy installation. A few things first: 1) Garage is attached, ridge board extends from house. It has no rafter ties at all. For Taiwan, the list of its diplomatic allies in Africa has dwindl. Strong-drive sd screws. 2. Hurricane Ties for Rafter, 24 Pack 16-Gauge Hurricane Straps, Hot Dip Galvanized Rafter Ties Brackets, Joist Hangers6 out of 5 stars 100+ bought in past month99 $ 29 FREE delivery Fri, Jun 14 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. A rafter tie is a horizontal framing member that extends across the roof span to resist the outward thrust at the bottom of the rafters and effectively “tie” the rafters into their proper triangular shape. craigslist springfield va Republican National Committee co-chair Lara Trump attends the first day of the Republican National … Simpson Strong-Tie offers a diverse line of hangers to handle almost any application with top flange, concealed flange and field-skewable and slopeable options. Provides a connection as part of a continuous load path to resist wind and seismic forces. Resources MiTek Product Catalog. It forms part of a continuous load path to resist wind and seismic forces. You can also "toenail" the rafters to the top plate with a nail gun, but this not as secure as using hurricane/rafter ties. While collar ties are located in the upper one-third area of the attic, rafter ties are located in the lower one-third area of the attic space. 8-in 18-Gauge Stainless Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood. Rafter ties are required by code, unless the house is designed so that the walls or a structural ridge beam carries the full load of the roof. Figure 2 is an illustration of a roof constructed using rafter ties. H8 The H8 single-sided hurricane tie is designed to resist moderate loads at the top of a wall connection. 5A,Hurricane Straps Trusses,Galvanized Hurricane Tie 12ct(12pcs) The ceiling joist (tension tie) at the rafter low end resists the thrust generated as those ends tend to shift outward and push the supporting wall. The roof framing mock-up below shows a standard rafter tie. Collar ties or ridge straps are needed to resist wind loads that would try to pull the rafters apart from the ridge. huntington bank account promotions Oct 1, 2008 · Here’s a formula I use to determine tie force: T = W/2 x H/h x run/rise, where W equals rafter load, H equals height of ridge, and h equals distance from ridge to center of tie (illustration, below). 5A single-sided hurricane tie is designed to resist moderate loads at the rafter/truss-to-top-plate connection. Additional factors include slope, eave and rake overhangs, roof tie-downs, rafter support bracing, collar ties, ridge connection, roof openings, ventilation, and roof finish. Shop straps & ties and a variety of hardware products online at Lowes This article series describes and illustrates the different types of support that prevents roof sagging and wall bulging at buildings, including definitions of collar ties, rafter ties, and structural ridge beams. That includes boosts to learning and memory. To make a birdsmouth cut, first calculate the size and orientation of the cut based on the pitch of the roof. If you haven't heard yet, Etihad Airways is likely cutting ties wi. Update: Some offers. I am also installing. The S/H2. Oct 9, 2023 · Collar ties are tension ties in the upper third of opposing gable rafters used to resist rafter separation from the ridge beam when the roof is under unbalanced loads, such as wind uplift or snow. H3 ties are available in left- and right-hand models and can be installed in pairs. 40ft x 12″ = 480″ (length in inches) ÷ 24″ on-center = 20 rafters. 8-in 18-Gauge Galvanized Steel Rafter Tie Wood To Wood Simpson Strong-Tie. Simpson Strong-Tie hurricane ties are designed to resist high winds and seismic forces by positively connecting trusses/rafters to the top of wall of the structure. This video is part of a series on house framing parts and will provide you with more information about what a roof rafter tie does. A rafter tie is a horizontal framing member that extends across the roof span to resist the outward thrust at the bottom of the rafters and effectively “tie” the rafters into their proper triangular shape. These anchors tie trusses and rafters to top plates and may be used to tie wood framing members to resist uplift and lateral forces. As part of a continuous load path, the H3 resists both lateral and uplift loads. Rafter ties resist the forces caused by gravity loads that would otherwise cause the roof to pancake and push out the sidewalls. Common rafters are the most basic type of roof rafter and form the backbone of many roofing systems. Collar ties or ridge straps are used to resist the ridge uplift caused by the wind load.